{"id":7484,"date":"2023-11-21T09:29:57","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T14:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silvercentury.org\/?p=7484"},"modified":"2023-11-30T08:29:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T13:29:38","slug":"dementia-can-take-a-toll-on-financial-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/78.142.243.82\/~silvercentury\/2023\/11\/dementia-can-take-a-toll-on-financial-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Dementia Can Take a Toll on Financial Health"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this article, health and science journalist Sarah Boden looks at what happens when dementia leads to financial disasters for individuals and their families. She also describes the so-far-ineffective efforts governments have made to protect those living with dementia from attempts to exploit them. <\/span><\/i>KFF Health News <\/span>posted Boden\u2019s piece on June 20, 2023. Her work was supported by <\/span><\/i>a partnership that included <\/span><\/i>WESA<\/span><\/i><\/a> (<\/span><\/i>Pittsburgh\u2019s NPR station), <\/span><\/i>NPR<\/span><\/i><\/a> and <\/span><\/i>KFF Health News<\/a>.<\/span> <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Angela Reynolds knew her mother\u2019s memory was slipping, but she didn\u2019t realize how bad things had gotten until she started to untangle her mom\u2019s finances: unpaid bills, unusual cash withdrawals and the discovery that, oddly, the mortgage on the family home had been refinanced at a higher interest rate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Looking back, Reynolds realizes her mother was in the early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: \u201cBy the time we caught on, it was too late.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Reynolds and her mother are among a large group of Americans grappling with the financial consequences of cognitive decline.<\/span><\/p>\n

A growing body of research<\/a> shows money problems<\/a> are a possible warning sign\u2014rather than only a product\u2014of certain neurological disorders. This includes a <\/span>2020 study<\/span> from Johns Hopkins University of more than 81,000 Medicare beneficiaries that found people with Alzheimer\u2019s and related dementias became more likely to miss bill payments up to six years before a formal diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n

The reach of these conditions is enormous. One <\/span>recent study<\/span><\/a> found nearly 10 percent of people over age 65 have dementia; more than twice as many are living with <\/span>mild cognitive impairment<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Missing the Signs of Declining Cognition<\/b><\/p>\n

One weekday in the spring of 2018, Reynolds sat next to her 77-year-old mother, Jonnie Lewis-Thorpe, in a courtroom in downtown New Haven, CT. She listened in discomfort as strangers revealed intimate details of their own finances in a room full of people waiting their turn to come before the judge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Then it hit her: \u201cWait a second. We\u2019re going to have to go up there, and someone\u2019s going to be listening to us.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

That\u2019s because the family home was in foreclosure. The daughter hoped if she explained to the judge that her mother had Alzheimer\u2019s disease, which had caused a series of financial missteps, she could stop the seizure of the property.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reynolds can\u2019t pinpoint when Alzheimer\u2019s crept into her mother\u2019s life. A widow, Lewis-Thorpe had lived alone for several years and had made arrangements for her aging, including naming Reynolds her power-of-attorney agent. But Reynolds lived a 450-mile drive away from New Haven, in Pittsburgh, and wasn\u2019t there to see her mom\u2019s incremental decline.<\/span><\/p>\n

When a person\u2019s mental abilities begin to decline, problems can grow exponentially.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It wasn\u2019t until Reynolds began reviewing her mother\u2019s bank statements that she realized Lewis-Thorpe\u2014once a hospital administrator\u2014had long been in the grip of the disease.<\/span><\/p>\n

Financial problems are a common reason family members bring their loved ones to the office of <\/span>Robin Hilsabeck<\/a>,<\/span> PhD, a neuropsychologist at the University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, who specializes in cognitive issues.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe brain is really a network, and there are certain parts of the brain that are more involved with certain functions,\u201d said Hilsabeck. \u201cYou can have a failure in something like financial abilities for lots of reasons caused by different parts of the brain.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Some of the reasons are due to normal aging, as Reynolds had assumed about her mother. But when a person\u2019s cognition begins to decline, the problems can grow exponentially.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dementia\u2019s Causes\u2014and Sometimes Ruthless Impact<\/b><\/p>\n

Dementia is a syndrome involving the loss of cognitive abilities. The cause can be one of several neurological illnesses, like Alzheimer\u2019s or Parkinson\u2019s, or brain damage from a stroke or head injury.<\/span><\/p>\n

In most cases, an older adult\u2019s dementia is progressive. The first signs are often memory slips and changes in high-level cognitive skills related to organization, impulse control and the ability to plan\u2014all, critical for money management. And because the causes of dementia vary, so do the financial woes it can create, said Hilsabeck.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, with Alzheimer\u2019s comes a progressive shrinking of the hippocampus. That\u2019s the catalyst for memory loss that, early in the course of the disease, can cause a person to forget to pay their bills.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lewy body dementia is marked by fluctuating cognition: a person veers from very sharp to extremely confused, often within short passages of time. Those with frontotemporal dementia can struggle with impulse control and problem-solving, which can lead to large, spontaneous purchases.<\/span><\/p>\n

And people with vascular dementia often run into issues with planning, processing and judgment, making them easier to defraud. \u201cThey answer the phone, and they talk to the scammers,\u201d said Hilsabeck. \u201cThe alarm doesn\u2019t go off in their head that this doesn\u2019t make sense.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Handling finances is difficult. If you have mild cognitive impairment, you can make mistakes even if you\u2019re doing well otherwise. <\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

For many people older than 65, mild cognitive impairment, or MCI, can be a precursor to dementia. But even people with MCI who don\u2019t develop dementia are vulnerable.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFinancial decision-making is very challenging cognitively,\u201d said <\/span>Jason Karlawish<\/a>,<\/span> MD, a specialist in geriatrics and memory care at the University of Pennsylvania\u2019s Penn Memory Center. \u201cIf you have even mild cognitive impairment, you can make mistakes with finances, even though you\u2019re otherwise doing generally OK in your daily life.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Some mistakes are irreversible. Despite Reynolds\u2019 best efforts on behalf of her mother, the bank foreclosed on the family home in the fall of 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

Property records show that Lewis-Thorpe and her husband bought the two-bedroom Cape Cod for $20,000 in 1966. Theirs was one of the first Black families in their New Haven neighborhood. Lewis-Thorpe had planned to pass this piece of generational wealth on to her daughters.<\/span><\/p>\n

Instead, U.S. Bank now owns the property. A 2021 tax assessment lists its value as $203,900.<\/span><\/p>\n

Financial Protections Are Slow to Come<\/b><\/p>\n

Though she can\u2019t prove it, Reynolds suspects someone had been financially exploiting her mom. At the same time, she feels guilty for what happened to Lewis-Thorpe, who now lives with her: \u201cThere\u2019s always that part of me that\u2019s going to say, \u2018At what point did it turn, where I could have had a different outcome?’\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Karlawish often sees patients who are navigating financial disasters. What he doesn\u2019t see are changes in banking practices or regulations that would mitigate the risks that come with aging and dementia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA thoughtful country would begin to say we\u2019ve got to come up with the regulatory structures and business models that can work for all,\u201d he said, \u201cnot just for the 30-year-old.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But the risk-averse financial industry is hesitant to act\u2014partly out of fear of getting sued by clients.<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>Senior Safe Act<\/span><\/a> in 2018, the most recent major federal legislation to address elder wealth management, attempts to address this reticence. It gives immunity to financial institutions in civil and administrative proceedings stemming from employees reporting possible exploitation of a senior\u2014provided the bank or investment firm has trained its staff to identify exploitative activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s a lackluster law, said Naomi Karp, an expert on aging and elder finances who spent eight years as a senior analyst at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau\u2019s Office for Older Americans. That\u2019s because the act makes training staff optional, and it lacks government oversight. \u201cThere\u2019s no federal agency that\u2019s charged with covering it or setting standards for what that training has to look like,\u201d Karp said. \u201cThere\u2019s nothing in the statute about that.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

If you\u2019ve named a ‘trusted contact,’ brokerage firms are now required to notify that person if something seems off about your account. <\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

One corner of the financial industry that has made modest progress is the brokerage sector, which concerns the buying and selling of securities, such as stocks and bonds. Since 2018, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority\u2014a nongovernmental organization that writes and enforces rules for brokerage firms\u2014has required agents to make a reasonable effort to get clients to name a \u201c<\/span>trusted contact<\/span><\/a>.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

Trusted contacts are similar to the emergency contact health care providers request. They\u2019re notified by a financial institution of concerning activity on a client\u2019s account, then receive a basic explanation of the situation. Ron Long, a former head of Aging Client Services at Wells Fargo, gave the hypothetical of someone whose banking activity suddenly shows regular, unusual transfers to someone in Belarus. A trusted emergency contact could then be notified of that concerning activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the trusted contact has no authority. The hope is that, once notified, the named relative or friend will talk to the account holder and prevent further harm. It\u2019s a start, but a small one. The low-stakes effort is limited to the brokerage side of operations at Wells Fargo and most other large institutions. The same protection is not extended to clients\u2019 credit card, checking or savings accounts.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Financial Industry Reluctant to Help<\/b><\/p>\n

When she was at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Karp and her colleagues put out a set of recommendations for companies to better protect the wealth of seniors. The <\/span>2016 report<\/span><\/a> included proposals on employee training and changes to fraud detection systems to better detect warning signs, such as atypical ATM use and the addition of a new owner\u2019s name to an existing checking account. \u201cWe would have meetings repeatedly with some of the largest banks, and they gave a lot of lip service to these issues,\u201d Karp said. \u201cChange is very, very slow.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Karp has seen some smaller community banks and credit unions take proactive steps to protect older customers\u2014such as instituting comprehensive staff training and improvements to fraud detection software. But there\u2019s a hesitancy throughout the industry to act more decisively, which seems to stem in part from fears about liability, she said. Banks are concerned they might get sued\u2014or at least lose business\u2014if they intervene when no financial abuse has occurred, or a customer\u2019s transactions were benign.<\/span><\/p>\n

Policy solutions that address financial vulnerability also present logistical challenges. Expanding something as straightforward as use of trusted contacts isn\u2019t like flipping a light switch, said Long, the former Wells Fargo executive. \u201cYou have to solve all the technology issues: Where do you house it? How do you house it? How do you engage the customer to even consider it?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Still, a trusted contact might have alerted Reynolds much sooner that her mom was developing dementia and needed help.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI fully believe that they noticed signs,\u201d Reynolds said of her mother\u2019s bank. \u201cThere are many withdrawals that came out of her account where we can\u2019t account for the money. \u2026 Like, I can see the withdrawals. I can see the bills not getting paid. So where did the money go?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Angela Reynolds knew her mother\u2019s memory was slipping, but she didn\u2019t realize how bad things had gotten until she started to untangle her mom\u2019s finances: unpaid bills, unusual cash withdrawals and the discovery that, oddly, the mortgage on the family home had been refinanced at a higher interest rate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Read more Dementia Can Take a Toll on Financial Health<\/span> ›<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n

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